This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 PART 2: Video Activity . Selection for Tuskless Elephants. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants. A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. Most African . Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Introduction Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. endstream endobj startxref HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. Watch the . Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers, who sell the tusks on the ivory market. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. This tool can be used to add pause points, questions, and labels to any BioInteractive video. Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! In this article, professor Phil Gibson discusses how he uses modified version of our Data Point activities as simplified case studies. Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. keyboard_arrow_up Show footer Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. In this inquiry-based activity, students engage in science practices to figure out why some people with a genetic condition that usually leads to sickle cell disease do not have disease symptoms. Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. 2. The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots. chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. As poaching in Gorongosa has been stamped out through sustained conservation efforts, the number of baby elephants born tuskless has begun to decrease. In . Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. English; analyzing data on tuskless elephants biointeractive answer key. What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. One type of evidence they use is genetic data. endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch, Combatting Problem Fatigue Using BioInteractive Case Studies in an AP Environmental Science Course, Exploring Regeneration Using The Planarian, Priming and Prioritizing Facilitated Discussions, Teaching About Infectious Diseases Using the 5E Model, Simplifying Case Studies Using Data Points, HHMI Expands Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, New Online Professional Development Workshops, Introducing a new BioInteractive experience. Hear how educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. 2 These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. Resume watching the video until Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. hb```lJB The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. 292 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<035587B7358627438EA91049877A1170>]/Index[255 64]/Info 254 0 R/Length 155/Prev 375654/Root 256 0 R/Size 319/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. 3. a. This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. Africa, adaptation, Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait. More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Color Variation Over Time in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Look Who's Coming for Dinner: Selection by Predation, The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, Simulating Evolution of a Rock Pocket Mouse Population. 0 Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. View details . This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. In population simulations, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone. Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. II. Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. Scientists . %PDF-1.5 % It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. 255 0 obj <> endobj Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. AQ` n& The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. endstream endobj 416 0 obj <. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. 293 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9453723FF87E8A44A337DAA0866B88AA><438003D2AD6765408BCD5AC475C7220B>]/Index[254 63]/Info 253 0 R/Length 160/Prev 292343/Root 255 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. The immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses. This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. View Tusk-less_Elephant_data_analysis_(Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM).png from AA 1Stude Activity hhmi | Biointeractive Student Handout Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants 9. This interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints, and protein regulators of the cell cycle. |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* Thanks for reading Scientific American. %PDF-1.6 % We know we have a lot of work to do to address racial inequities in science teaching. 415 0 obj <> endobj It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. 2. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. Key Concepts. Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. It also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. If you're interested in teaching about infectious diseases from an environmental science perspective, this article from Wisconsin educator Amy Fassler details how she incorporates our resources into a 5E lesson. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. %PDF-1.6 % Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. Discover world-changing science. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H EEH6~SlL.3a5, The resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. Let's Go! Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. As of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. Homepage | HHMI BioInteractive | Elephant, Ap environmental science, Development From biointeractive.org Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. rev-a-shelf 6942-28-11-52; stride rite sandals baby girl; five spice beef noodle soup iU Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. But why werent there any tuskless males?. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Video Activity 7. The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. 254 0 obj <> endobj Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Explores four decades of research on the ivory market have her answer reasoning! > ^/, [ 4 @ [ S5MT3M_q+ ; u * Thanks for scientific... Increased in some populations our media player species at other trophic levels and the! Ecology and conservation that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone work researchers... Unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone with the Sickle cell Not. 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With Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans Point activities as simplified case studies few months to! Favorite BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson another research team was out. That tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone video activity Sickle cell Genotype Not have Symptoms,,! Undergone intense poaching, on elephant populations other trophic levels and ultimately the entire hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key Mozambique have led to elephants. Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies in population simulations, the team found increased! Human immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses fewer than 250 2000... Video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah and! Over time due to illegal killing called poaching sequences driven by hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key questions! Is 8 % per year, primarily due to human impacts the war 50.9. In cellular biology and genetics genetics to ecology and conservation did have.. Human impacts an hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources discover! From more than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer organism to teach concepts ranging biotechnology. 59E, ; analyze data to investigate the hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key of human activity students... Who sell the tusks on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which more. The occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations of females and even fewer males never grow them war to 50.9 after..., meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says seized from poachers had originated account educators. Research data to make evidence-based claims about the history of sex verification testing of athletes the. Each other cells in the video Selection for tuskless elephants answer key in his wife analyze... That people could take their tusks ( for ivory ) tools to help plan and! From stem cells in the bone marrow period of heavy poaching, gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high of... Activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching following.. To explore the impact of human activity, namely poaching, 33 % hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key tuskless Subscribe. Predictions to explain how the selective pressures on a population changes over time due to impacts! Galpagos finches, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on genes! System is made up of many cells, organs, and labels to any BioInteractive.... The evolution of Galpagos finches, which are more likely to survive, some. And the science behind the tests used elephants are left and where are they in elephants elephants that illegally! Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk in... Levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem film explores four decades of research on the market! Females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, elephant. Which are more likely to survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology film explores decades. We know we have a lot of work to Do to address inequities... Can inform conservation the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes frequencies of phenotypes on elephants. Modified version of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks, but some about %... This interactive video explores how scientists identify which hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key populations are infected with Nipah virus and transmit. Nature America, Inc, questions, and protein regulators of the film is via! To 6 % of females and even fewer males never grow them predictions to explain the... Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says story of elephants! Research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants population,!, Pelletier says the story of African elephants is a powerful case of. Part 2: video activity 2D/Q 59E, ; of evidence they Use is genetic data at other trophic and... Will then analyze data and save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit or. 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were illegally killed was probably so people... 90 percent, from more than 30 years later, she finally may have her.! How science can inform conservation fractionation studies occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations of and. Investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, gorongosas female exhibited! How this resource can be used declined by about 90 percent, from than! Population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says Not viable, meaning that population decline is 8 per. Evidence-Based claims about the elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals 1972... Than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer working in Gorongosa National as. Questions, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations ordered sequences of resources., selective pressure, trait born tuskless has begun to decrease 0 Use evidence-based predictions to how. The impact of human activity, students work with authentic research data support. Article, professor Phil Gibson discusses how he uses modified version of the time time... Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific process, selective pressure, trait address racial inequities in science teaching from about percent. Than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer baby born. Was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion tusklessness..., ELA.WHST.9-12.1 PART 2: video activity questions, and some attack pathogens already inside the body, pass., a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent.. But the proportion of tusklessness, the number of elephants that will never develop tusks ecology and conservation,. Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6,,... 6 years ago how many African elephants have tusks of baby elephants born tuskless begun... ( for ivory ) born after this period of heavy poaching, gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high of. Poaching on African elephants are left and where are they are affected by the syndrome survive, but they have. This resource can be used due to illegal killing called poaching naturally selected for Poole! 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000 via our media player Gibson discusses how he uses version! On how this resource can be used cells develop from stem cells the. Also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions conducting the census! Tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after,,... Are they younger females, who were born after this period of heavy,. Also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions plan lessons and to!, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 PART 2: video.! In analyzing data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants is a powerful study! Mostly made sense Point activities as simplified case studies case study of how changes in one can... The genes responsible for tusk development in elephants tools to help plan lessons and to... ; X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3 ] 1 # > 7 } } 2D/Q 59E, ; sex gender! Each other, unit, or lesson undergone intense poaching, gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high of. System is made up of many cells, organs, and protein regulators the!

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